Fiber rolls technique
A fiber roll is a temporary erosion control and sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment erosion. It is made of straw, coconut fiber or similar material formed into a tubular roll.
Installation
Each horizontal contour level row of fiber rolls is installed on slopes, ending with one at the base of the slope, below an active construction area before soil disturbance (earth moving) begins. The space between each row of fiber roll is dependent on the steepness of the slope. The steeper the slope, the more rows of evenly spaced horizontal contour level fiber rolls are used. Each fiber roll is installed on a horizontal contour level in shallow trenches 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) deep and fastened to the ground with wooden stakes.
Properly installed fiber rolls are effective at trapping sediment, generally more effectively than straw bales.During rain storms, the rolls intercept surface stormwater runoff (but not concentrating or channeling the runoff) and reduce the velocity of flow. Water passes through a fiber roll while leaving behind the sediment on the uphill side of the roll, thereby reducing sediment erosion.
Limitations: fiber Rolls have several limitations to their uses
2.contour ploughing
3.sand fencing technique.
4. Stream Aggradation and Degradation are the fluvial processes mostly associated with a river and its differentiating parameters. Aggradation and degradation are generally influenced by river discharge, sediment load, morphological characteristics of river channel and human interventions. If the river water is unable to transfer the bed load or the channel material then the same is deposited within the channel and channel height increases, aggradation occurs. This also leads to change the river morphology and hydraulic geometry. Degradation is another process which is responsible for the lowering of river bed and also shifting the channel banks. In the present paper an attempt is taken to review the processes of aggradation and degradation and their influence on the river channel.
Example- The study found that the godavari delta is at a greater risk as the rate of sediment aggradation (raising the level of the delta through sediment deposition) no longer exceeds relative sea-level rise It further states that the suspended sediment load at the delta has reduced from 150·2 million tons during 1970–1979 to 57·2 million tons by 2000–2006,[12] which translates into a three-fold decline in the past 4 decades. Impacts of this can be seen in destroyed villages like Uppada in Godavari delta,[13] destruction of Mangrove forests and fragmentation of shoreline - possibly a fallout of dam construction.
Cryonics is the science of using ultra-cold temperature to preserve human life with the intent of restoring good health when technology becomes available to do so.
Cryogenic fuels are used in space operations because of the absence of oxygen in space for combustion. So cryonics deals with the preservation of human body parts at very low temperature, whereas cryogenics deals with the study of low level temperatures and how materials behave at low temperatures.
traditional water storage systems like Jal Mandir (Gujarat);
Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.); Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.); Dongs (Assam); Katas, Bandhas
(Odisha and M.P.) etc. at feasible locations.
A fiber roll is a temporary erosion control and sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment erosion. It is made of straw, coconut fiber or similar material formed into a tubular roll.
Installation
Each horizontal contour level row of fiber rolls is installed on slopes, ending with one at the base of the slope, below an active construction area before soil disturbance (earth moving) begins. The space between each row of fiber roll is dependent on the steepness of the slope. The steeper the slope, the more rows of evenly spaced horizontal contour level fiber rolls are used. Each fiber roll is installed on a horizontal contour level in shallow trenches 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) deep and fastened to the ground with wooden stakes.
Properly installed fiber rolls are effective at trapping sediment, generally more effectively than straw bales.During rain storms, the rolls intercept surface stormwater runoff (but not concentrating or channeling the runoff) and reduce the velocity of flow. Water passes through a fiber roll while leaving behind the sediment on the uphill side of the roll, thereby reducing sediment erosion.
Limitations: fiber Rolls have several limitations to their uses
- Fiber rolls may be difficult to move once they become saturated with water.
- Fiber rolls should not be used on very steep land that is prone to mudslides, landslides or creep.
- If fiber rolls are not properly staked into the ground, they may be carried away by high flows
2.contour ploughing
3.sand fencing technique.
4. Stream Aggradation and Degradation are the fluvial processes mostly associated with a river and its differentiating parameters. Aggradation and degradation are generally influenced by river discharge, sediment load, morphological characteristics of river channel and human interventions. If the river water is unable to transfer the bed load or the channel material then the same is deposited within the channel and channel height increases, aggradation occurs. This also leads to change the river morphology and hydraulic geometry. Degradation is another process which is responsible for the lowering of river bed and also shifting the channel banks. In the present paper an attempt is taken to review the processes of aggradation and degradation and their influence on the river channel.
Example- The study found that the godavari delta is at a greater risk as the rate of sediment aggradation (raising the level of the delta through sediment deposition) no longer exceeds relative sea-level rise It further states that the suspended sediment load at the delta has reduced from 150·2 million tons during 1970–1979 to 57·2 million tons by 2000–2006,[12] which translates into a three-fold decline in the past 4 decades. Impacts of this can be seen in destroyed villages like Uppada in Godavari delta,[13] destruction of Mangrove forests and fragmentation of shoreline - possibly a fallout of dam construction.
Cryonics is the science of using ultra-cold temperature to preserve human life with the intent of restoring good health when technology becomes available to do so.
Cryogenic fuels are used in space operations because of the absence of oxygen in space for combustion. So cryonics deals with the preservation of human body parts at very low temperature, whereas cryogenics deals with the study of low level temperatures and how materials behave at low temperatures.
traditional water storage systems like Jal Mandir (Gujarat);
Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.); Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.); Dongs (Assam); Katas, Bandhas
(Odisha and M.P.) etc. at feasible locations.
