1.PHYSICAL SETTING
1.Space relation ship of India with neighboring countries
India- B'desh- 4096km
India-China-3917 km
India-China-3917 km
India- pak- 3310 km, saltro ridge, AGPL.
India-Nepal-1752 km
India-Mynmar- 1458 km
(Hint- BCPNMB)
lat extent and longi extent
Area-
frontiers.
Maritime borders.7517km
2.Structure and relief
1. Geological Structure- Archaen, Purana, Dravida, Aryan (ArPuDA)
Archean rock system
1. Archean
2.Darwar
Purana rock system
1.Cuddapah
2.Vindhya
Dravida- 600-300 myaPaleozoic- from cambrian to carboniferous- (pals cam 2car)
beginning of life on earth,coal formations
Aryan (GoCreTerQ)
1.Gondawana- upper carboniferous, gondwana coal formations.
2.Cretaceous- 144-65 mya- creta means chalk, deccan trap
3.Tertiary- from 65mya- origin of Himalayas
4.Quarternary- from 2mya
- very recent,
- because himalayas has been just now completed in tertiary the north indian plains came into existence by alluvial deposits by rivers,
- pleistocene Ice age effects ,
- deposits of peninsular plateau
3.Drainage system and watersheds
Inland drainage basin (endorheic basin): When a river does not reach the sea but disappears into the sand, such a region is called an area of inland drainage. Inland drainage streams are ephemeral streams (short-lived). E.g.:
- The Ghaggar river in Haryana, which is supposed to be remnant of the proverbial ancient Saraswati river, gets lost in dry sands near Hanumangarh in Rajasthan.
- Western slopes of araavalli
- The Luni river in Rajasthan originates near Ajmer and after flowing through Thar desert gets lost in the Rann of Kutch.
- The Aksai Chin region in Ladakh too has some inland drainage.
4.Physiographic regions
5.Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances
6.Floods and droughts
7.Climatic regions
8.Natural vegetation
9.Soil types and their distributions.
Topics to be covered
Map - showing distribution Soil in India
Karewas soil
Montane soil
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